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Evolution Korea The economic crisis that swept across Asia caused a major review of the traditional system of government, business alliances, as well as public management of risks. In Korea, this meant a change in the development paradigm. In a controversial decision the South Korean government has requested publishers of textbooks to ignore calls for removing examples of evolution in science texts for high school students. This includes the evidence for evolution of horses as well as the bird ancestral Archaeopteryx. 1. Evolution and Religion A South Korean creationist group has persuaded textbook publishers to eliminate evidence of evolution from high-school science texts. The decision was the result of a campaign led by the Society for Textbook Revise (STR) which is an branch of the Korea Association for Creation Research that aims to clear textbooks on biology of “atheist materialism.” The STR claims that this kind of materialistic thinking creates a negative picture for students, and could lead to their eventual loss of faith. When the STR's campaign hit the news, scientists across the world reacted with worry. In a letter addressed to the editor of Nature evolutionary biologist Jae Choe from Ewha Womans University in Seoul complained that South Korea had given in to religious prejudice. He was supported by colleagues from across the country, who formed an organization called Evolution Korea to organize an anti-textbook petition. This Internet site are concerned that the STR will expand to other parts of the globe, including areas where creationism has been increasing. The letter to Nature warned that the anti-evolution movement could intensify pressure for revisions to textbooks in other countries, particularly those with strong Christian and Muslim populations. South Korea's cultural background is particularly strong for the debate on evolution. 26 percent of the country's citizens belong to a religious denomination and the majority practice Christianity or Buddhism. Many Koreans also adhere to Ch'ondogyo – an ideology based on Confucian principles, which is a strong advocate of social harmony, individual self-cultivation, and self-respect. Ch'ondogyo teaches that human beings are in a relationship with Hanulnim, the God of the Sun, and that heaven-bound blessings are possible through good works. All of this has created a fertile field. Numerous studies have revealed that students with a religious background tend to feel more uncomfortable about learning evolution than those without religion. The reasons behind this aren't obvious. One possible explanation is that students with religious beliefs tend to be as well-versed in scientific theories and concepts, which makes them more susceptible to the influence of creationists. Another possibility is that students with a religious background are more likely to view evolution as an atheistic idea and therefore less at ease with it. 2. Evolution and Science In recent times, the scientific community has been concerned about the anti-evolution agenda in schools. A survey in 2009 revealed that 40% of Americans believed that biological evolution was wrong and that it would be in conflict with their religious beliefs. Despite the fact that creationism has been a huge success in some states, many scientists feel that the best method to counter this movement is not to actively engage in it, but rather to educate the public about the evidence for evolution. Scientists are required to instruct their students in science and the theory of evolution. They must also inform the public about the research process and the way in which knowledge is confirmed. They must also explain how scientific theories are often challenged and revised. However, misperceptions about the nature of scientific research frequently cause people to believe that evolution is not real. For instance, many people confuse the term “theory” with the normal meaning of the word – a guess or a guess. In the field of science, however, a hypothesis is rigorously tested, and empirical data is used to confirm it. A theory that is tested and observed repeatedly is then a scientific principle. The debate about evolutionary theory is an excellent opportunity to discuss the importance of the scientific method and its limitations. It is crucial for people to recognize that science is unable to answer questions about the purpose or meaning of life but only provides a mechanism through which living organisms can develop and adapt. Moreover, a well-rounded education should cover all the major scientific fields, including evolutionary biology. This is essential because a variety of jobs and decisions require that people understand the way science operates. The majority of scientists around the world agree that humans have changed over time. In a recent study that predicted adults' views of the consensus on this subject, those with higher levels education and science knowledge were found to be more likely to believe that there is a broad agreement among scientists about the evolution of humans. People with more religious faith and less science-based knowledge are more likely to disagree. It is important that educators insist on the importance of gaining an understanding of this consensus, so that people can make informed decisions about the use of energy, health care and other issues of policy. 3. Evolution and Culture A close cousin to the popular evolutionary theory, cultural evolution focuses on the various ways that humans and other species learn from and interact with one another. Researchers in this field use explanation tools and models that are adapted from evolutionary theorists. They also go back to prehistoric times to discover the origins of culture. This method also acknowledges that there are some differences between the characteristics of culture and biological. While biological traits are generally acquired at once (in sexual species, at fertilization) however, cultural traits can be acquired over a lengthy period of time. The acquisition of one characteristic can influence the growth and development of a different. In Korea the emergence of Western style elements in the late nineteenth and early 20th century was the result of an intricate sequence of events. One of the most significant was the arrival in Korea of Japanese occupation forces, who introduced Western hairstyles and clothes. When Japan quit Korea in the 1930s, a few of these changes began to reverse. At the close of World War II, Korea was once again united and was again under the rule of the Choson dynasty. Today, Korea is a vibrant economic and political power. Despite the recent global financial crisis, the economy of Korea has grown steadily in the past decade and is poised to sustain its steady growth in the coming years. The current government is faced with a variety of challenges. One of the most significant is the inability to come up with a consistent policy to tackle the economic crisis. The crisis has exposed the weaknesses of the country's policies and its reliance on exports and foreign investment that may not last. The crisis has shaken the confidence of investors, the government needs to rethink its economic strategy and come up with alternative ways to boost domestic demand. To ensure a stable financial climate the government needs to reform its incentive system, monitoring and discipline. This chapter outlines several scenarios of how the Korean economy could develop after the crisis. 4. Evolution and Education The biggest challenge for educators of evolution is how to present evolutionary concepts in a way that is suitable for students of various levels of development and ages. Teachers must, for example be mindful of the religious diversity in their classrooms and create an environment where students of both secular and religious beliefs are at ease. Teachers should also be able recognize common misconceptions about evolution and be able to address them in the classroom. Teachers must also have easy access to the numerous resources that can be used to teach evolution. In this regard, the Thinking Evolutionarily Convocation played an important role in bringing together evolutionary researchers and educators from various sectors to discuss best methods for teaching about Evolution. The participants included representatives from scientific societies as well as educational researchers, officials from government funding agencies and curriculum designers. The convergence of these diverse stakeholders helped to identify a shared set of recommendations that will be the foundation for future actions. It is crucial to include evolution in all science curricula at every level. To achieve this goal, the National Science Education Standards (NRC) call for evolution to be taught in an integrated manner across all life sciences using a sequence of ideas that are developmentally appropriate. Furthermore, a new publication from the NRC offers guidance to schools on how to integrate evolution into the science curriculum. Numerous studies have demonstrated that a more thorough explanation of evolution can lead to better understanding by students and belief in the existence of evolution. However the estimation of the causal effect of evolution in the classroom is difficult given that school curricula are not assigned randomly and evolve over time because of the predetermined timing of gubernatorial elections and state board of education appointments. To overcome this limitation, i use a longitudinal dataset that allows me to control the effects of years and states fixed as well as individual-level variations in the beliefs of teachers regarding evolutionary theory. Teachers who are more comfortable teaching evolution report fewer internal barriers. This is in line with the notion that a faculty with more confidence is less likely to avoid discussing evolution subjects in the classroom. They also could be more likely to employ strategies like a reconciliatory approach known to improve the acceptance of undergraduate students of evolution (Harms and Reiss 2019; Tolman et al. 2020).